Total Knee Replacement

What is total knee replacement?

Total knee replacement—also called total knee arthroplasty—is a surgical procedure where the worn-out or damaged surfaces of the knee joint are replaced with artificial components. The goal is to relieve pain, restore alignment, and improve mobility so you can return to daily activities with less discomfort.

Why might I need knee replacement?

The most common reason is knee arthritis, where the protective cartilage in the joint wears away, causing pain, stiffness, swelling, and difficulty moving. Over time, arthritis or injury can lead to deformities such as bow-legged alignment or significant loss of motion.

You may be a candidate if you experience:

• Severe knee pain that limits walking, climbing stairs, or other daily activities

• Moderate-to-severe pain at rest or at night

• Chronic swelling and stiffness not relieved by medications, injections, or physical therapy

• Deformity, such as bow-legged knees

• Ongoing pain that hasn’t improved with conservative treatments

What types of knee replacement procedures are available?

Dr. Robert Limoni offers several advanced approaches to knee replacement, tailored to each patient’s condition and lifestyle:

• Total Knee Replacement – the standard procedure that replaces all surfaces of the joint.

• Unicondylar (Partial) Knee Replacement – for arthritis limited to one side of the knee, preserving more natural bone and tissue.

• Augmented Reality Navigation Knee Replacement – advanced technology to guide implant placement with enhanced precision.

• Revision Knee Replacement – performed when a previous knee replacement has worn out, loosened, or failed.

• Jiffy Knee® – an innovative, muscle-sparing approach designed for less pain and quicker return to daily life.

Each option has specific benefits, and your surgeon will recommend the most appropriate technique based on your diagnosis, anatomy, and goals.

What happens during surgery?

Total knee replacement is typically performed under spinal or general anesthesia. Your surgeon removes the damaged bone and cartilage from the thighbone, shinbone, and kneecap, then replaces them with metal and plastic components that mimic the natural joint. A smooth spacer is placed between the implants to allow for pain-free movement.

With modern techniques, the surgery generally takes 1–2 hours, and most patients begin walking with assistance the same day.

What is recovery like after knee replacement?

Rehabilitation starts immediately after surgery. Physical therapy helps restore knee motion, strengthen surrounding muscles, and support recovery. Many patients use a walker or crutches at first, progressing to independent walking over time.

Most people return to normal routines in 6–12 weeks, though full healing and strengthening may take several months. Following your care team’s instructions—including wound care, exercises, and activity precautions—is essential for the best outcome.

What are the risks of knee replacement?

As with any major surgery, risks can include:

• Infection

• Blood clots

• Nerve or blood vessel injury

• Implant loosening or wear over time

• Knee stiffness or limited range of motion

Your surgeon will review these risks with you and take steps to minimize complications.

What is the goal of treatment?

The goal of total knee replacement is to reduce pain, improve mobility, and allow patients to return to a more active, independent lifestyle. With advances in surgical techniques—including minimally invasive and technology-assisted approaches—patients often experience faster recovery and longer-lasting results.